Every time you eat or drink something acidic, your tooth enamel softens temporarily.

During this period, the enamel loses some of its minerals.

Saliva usually helps repair this damage.

Problems start when acid attacks happen too often, and the teeth don’t get time to recover.

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What is dental erosion?

Dental erosion is the loss of tooth enamel caused by acid.

Enamel is the hard, protective outer layer of the tooth. It protects the softer layer underneath, called dentine.

When enamel wears away:

• The dentine becomes exposed.
• Teeth may look thinner or more yellow.
• Sensitivity or pain can develop.
• Regular vomiting.

Unlike tooth decay, erosion does not involve bacteria. It is caused by acid alone.

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What causes dental erosion?

Acid is the main cause of dental erosion.

Every time you eat or drink something acidic:

• The enamel softens.
• Minerals are lost from the tooth surface.

Saliva helps neutralise acid and remineralise the enamel. If acidic foods or drinks are consumed often, the enamel stays soft for longer.

Brushing during this softened stage can:

• Remove tiny amounts of enamel.
• Speed up long-term tooth wear.

Over time, this leads to visible damage to the teeth.

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How can I prevent dental erosion?

Small changes can make a big difference.

Try to:

• Limit acidic foods and drinks to mealtimes.
• Swallow drinks quickly rather than holding them in your mouth.
• Use a straw to reduce contact with the teeth.
• Finish meals with milk or cheese to help neutralise acid.
• Chew sugar-free gum to increase saliva flow.
• Wait at least one hour after eating or drinking before brushing your teeth.

This waiting time allows the enamel to harden again before brushing.

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Examples of acidic foods and drinks

Here are some common acidic foods and drinks. These can soften tooth enamel, especially if consumed often or sipped over a long time.

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Acidic drinks

• Fizzy drinks (including diet and sugar-free versions).
• Energy drinks.
• Sports drinks.
• Fruit juices (such as orange, apple and grapefruit juice).
• Smoothies.
• Lemon water or hot water with lemon.
• Wine.
• Cider.

Even drinks that do not contain sugar can still be acidic.

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Acidic foods

• Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruit).
• Tomatoes and tomato-based sauces.
• Vinegar and foods pickled in vinegar (such as pickled onions).
• Berries (such as strawberries and raspberries).
• Pineapple.
• Sour sweets.

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Need advice?

If you notice sensitivity, changes in how your teeth look, or think you may have dental erosion, speak to your dental team.

They can help identify the cause and advise how to protect your teeth.