Gum disease is very common and often painless at first.

If your gums bleed when you brush or clean between your teeth, this is usually an early warning sign.

Gum disease is caused by plaque – a sticky layer of bacteria that builds up on teeth and along the gumline.

If plaque is not removed, the gums become irritated, red, swollen and sore.

Over time, this can damage the gums and the bone that supports your teeth.

There are two main types of gum disease: gingivitis and periodontal disease.

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What is gingivitis?

Gingivitis is the early stage of gum disease. You may notice:

• Red or swollen gums.
• Bleeding when brushing or eating.
• Bad breath.
• A bad taste in your mouth.

The good news is that gingivitis can be reversed with good daily cleaning and advice from your dental team.

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What is periodontal disease?

If gingivitis is not treated, it can develop into periodontal disease (also called periodontitis).

This more serious condition. 

This is because it:

• Damages the bone and tissues that hold teeth in place.
• Can cause gums to pull away from the teeth.
• May lead to loose teeth or tooth loss.

Periodontal disease cannot be reversed, but it can be controlled with the right care.

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Can gum disease be treated?

With good daily care and regular professional support, gum disease can be controlled. When caught early, it can be reversed.

What helps:

• Brush your teeth for 2 minutes, last thing at night and once more during the day, with a fluoride toothpaste.
• Clean between your teeth once a day using interdental brushes or floss.
• Keep up regular dental visits, as advised.

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What treatment will I need?

Your dentist or dental hygienist will:

• Thoroughly clean your teeth to remove plaque and hardened plaque (tartar).
• Show you the best way to clean your teeth and gums at home.
• Recommend the right tools for you.

You may need several appointments, especially if gum disease is more advanced.

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Why acting early matters

Healthy gums help keep your teeth strong and comfortable.

Ignoring bleeding gums can lead to pain, infection and tooth loss.

If your gums bleed, don’t ignore it.

Speak to your dental team early – small changes now can make a big difference later.