A tooth extraction is when a tooth or the remaining root is removed.

This is usually done by a dentist using a local anaesthetic so the area is numb.

If the tooth is difficult to remove, such as an impacted wisdom tooth, you may be referred to a hospital specialist.

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Why a tooth may need to be removed

A tooth might need to come out if:

• It is badly decayed or broken and cannot be repaired.
• Gum disease has made it loose.
• There is a severe infection or abscess.
• Space is needed for orthodontic treatment (braces).

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What to do after a tooth has been removed

The first 24 hours are important for healing. Try to:

• Rest. Take it easy and avoid heavy exercise.
• Avoid smoking and alcohol. These can delay healing.
• Be careful while numb. Avoid hot food and drinks until the feeling returns, so you do not burn or bite your cheek or tongue.
• Cleaning the area: Keep brushing the rest of your teeth as normal, but clean gently around the extraction area and follow your dentist’s advice about when to start rinsing.
• Avoid rinsing and try not to disturb the clot. Then use a warm, salt mouthwash to cleanse and soothe the area.
• Keep your head raised. Use extra pillows when resting or sleeping to help reduce bleeding.
• Follow pain relief advice. Take painkillers as advised by your dentist or as directed on the packet.
• Avoid aspirin, as it can increase bleeding.
• Do not take ibuprofen if you have been told to avoid it because of conditions such as asthma, stomach problems or inflammatory bowel disease – check with a pharmacist or doctor if unsure.

Your dentist may also have given you specific instructions, such as when to start gentle rinsing.

Most people start to feel more comfortable after a few days. Normal daily activities can usually be resumed within 24–48 hours, as long as you feel well.

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Bleeding after an extraction

A small amount of oozing is normal. If bleeding continues:

• Bite firmly on a clean gauze pad or a clean handkerchief for 20 minutes.
• Sit upright and stay calm.

If heavy bleeding does not stop, contact your dentist or emergency dental service.

Sometimes the blood clot in the socket does not form properly or is lost too early. The bone underneath becomes exposed. This is called dry socket.

Signs can include:

• Increasing pain a few days after the extraction.
• Pain that spreads to the ear or side of the face.
• A bad taste or smell from the area.

Dry socket can be very painful, but it can be treated. Your dentist may:

• Clean the area.
• Place a soothing dressing.
• Prescribe medicine if needed.

Contact your dental practice if the pain is worsening rather than improving.

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When to seek urgent help

Get advice quickly if you have:

• Swelling that is getting worse.
• Difficulty swallowing or breathing.
• A high temperature.
• Severe bleeding that will not stop.

Good aftercare helps the area heal properly and reduces the risk of problems.

If you are unsure about anything, contact your dental team.