Cancer can affect any part of the body, including the mouth.

Mouth cancer is not as widely talked about as some other cancers, so it’s important to know what to look for and why early checks matter.

Mouth cancer can develop in the:

• Lips.

• Tongue.

• Gums.

• Inside cheeks.

• Floor and roof of the mouth.

• Tonsils.

• Back of the throat.

It can also affect other areas of the head and neck.

Most mouth cancers are a type called squamous cell carcinoma.

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Who can get mouth cancer?

Mouth cancer can affect anyone.

It is more common in men and people aged over 40.

However, rates are increasing in younger people and in women.

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How common is mouth cancer?

Mouth cancer is one of the more common cancers affecting the head and neck worldwide. Around 400,00 new cases are diagnosed each year globally.

Because it is often detected late, it remains a serious health concern in many countries.

What are the signs of mouth cancer?

Look out for any of the following that lasts for 3 weeks or more:

• An ulcer or sore that does not heal.

• A lump or swelling in the mouth or neck.

• Persistent red or white patches in the mouth.

• A hoarse voice that does not go away.

• Difficulty moving the tongue or not being able to stick it out straight.

If you notice any of these signs, see your dentist or doctor as soon as possible.

Early diagnosis can make treatment more effective and less invasive.

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What causes mouth cancer?

There is rarely just one single cause, but certain factors increase risk. These include:

• Tobacco use: Smoking or using other tobacco products significantly increases the risk of mouth cancer.

• Alcohol: Drinking alcohol to excess also increases risk. The risk is much higher when alcohol and tobacco are used together.

• Human papillomavirus (HPV): Certain types of HPV (especially types 16 and 18) are linked to cancers at the back of the throat and can also play a role in some mouth cancers.

Other possible factors include:

• UV exposure.

• Age and gender.

• Family history.

• Weakened immune system.

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Why early detection matters

Mouth cancer can be life-threatening, especially when found late. Early diagnosis will:

• Improves the chances of successful treatment.

• May mean less aggressive treatment is needed.

• Helps protect speech, eating, and appearance.

Regular dental check-ups usually include a mouth cancer examination. Dentists are trained to spot early changes.

If you notice any unusual change in your mouth that lasts longer than 3 weeks, get it checked – even if it seems minor.

Acting early could protect your health and save your life.