Diabetes can have a big impact on your mouth, teeth and gums.

If diabetes is not well managed, it can increase the risk of dental problems and make them harder to treat.

Looking after your oral health is an important part of managing diabetes and protecting your overall wellbeing.

---

How diabetes affects the mouth

High blood sugar levels can change how your body responds to infection and healing. In the mouth, this can lead to:

• A higher risk of gum disease.
• More frequent mouth infections.
• Dry mouth.
• Slower healing after dental treatment.

At the same time, poor oral health can make it harder to control blood sugar levels. This means diabetes and oral health affect each other.

---

Gum disease and diabetes

People with diabetes are more likely to develop gum disease.

Gum disease happens when plaque builds up along the gumline and causes inflammation. If it is not treated, it can damage the gums and the bone that holds teeth in place.

If you have diabetes:

• Gum disease may develop more quickly.
• Symptoms can be more severe.
• Treatment may take longer to work.

Gum disease can also raise blood sugar levels, making diabetes harder to manage.

---

Dry mouth and infections

Diabetes can reduce the amount of saliva in your mouth.

Saliva helps to:

• Wash away food and bacteria.
• Protect teeth from decay.
• Keep the mouth comfortable.

A dry mouth can increase the risk of:

• Tooth decay.
• Mouth ulcers.
• Fungal infections such as thrush.
• Difficulty eating or speaking.

Some diabetes medications can also cause dry mouth.

---

Slow healing

If your blood sugar levels are high, your body may heal more slowly.

This means:

• Sore gums may take longer to settle.
• Infections can be harder to clear.
• Recovery after dental treatment may take longer.

This is why regular dental check-ups are especially important for people with diabetes.

---

Signs to look out for

Contact your dental team if you notice:

• Bleeding, swollen or sore gums.
• Persistent bad breath.
• Loose teeth.
• Mouth ulcers that do not heal.
• A dry or sore mouth.
• White or red patches in the mouth.

Early treatment helps prevent problems from becoming more serious.

---

How to protect your oral health if you have diabetes

You can reduce your risk of dental problems by:

• Brushing your teeth for two minutes, last thing at night and one other time during the day with a fluoride toothpaste.
• Cleaning between your teeth every day.
• Keeping blood sugar levels as well controlled as possible.
• Drinking water regularly to help with dry mouth.
• Visiting your dental team as often as they recommend.
• Telling your dentist that you have diabetes and any medicines you take.