Teenage years bring more independence. They also bring new challenges for teeth and gums. Diet choices, social habits and lifestyle changes can all affect oral health.

A healthy smile can boost confidence. It can also affect first impressions, friendships and self-esteem.

If teeth and gums are not cared for properly, problems can include:

• Bad breath.

• Stained teeth.

• Tooth decay.

• Gum disease.

• Dental erosion.

Teens should:

• Brush twice a day for two minutes.

• Use fluoride toothpaste (1350–1500ppm).

• Clean between teeth daily.

• Visit a dental team regularly.

Diet plays a big role. Each time sugary food or drink is consumed, teeth are under acid attack.

To reduce risk:

• Have three meals a day rather than constant snacking.

• Choose water or milk between meals.

• Limit fizzy drinks and fruit juices.

• Wait at least one hour before brushing after acidic drinks.

Smoking, vaping, alcohol and drugs can also damage teeth and gums. They increase the risk of staining, decay, gum disease and mouth cancer.

Teen years are a key time to build strong, independent habits that protect smiles into adulthood.